Bundles ya mitochondriya (umuhondo) imbere ya gopher Photoreceptor cones igira uruhare rutunguranye muburyo bunoze bwo kwibanda kumucyo ukwirakwiza (urumuri ruva hepfo) (urumuri rw'ubururu).Iyi myitwarire ya optique irashobora kunoza icyerekezo mugukora pigment muri selile ya cone ikora neza mugutwara urumuri.
Umubu urimo kukureba ukoresheje microlens array.Uhindukiza umutwe, ufate isazi mu ntoki, urebe vampire nijisho ryawe ryicisha bugufi, rifite ijisho rimwe.Ariko biragaragara ko ushobora kubonana - n'isi - kuruta uko ubitekereza.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kwezi gushize mu kinyamakuru Science Advances bwerekanye ko imbere y’ijisho ry’inyamabere, mitochondria, ingirabuzimafatizo zigaburira ingirabuzimafatizo, zishobora gufata umwanya wa kabiri wa microlens, zifasha kwibanda ku mucyo kuri fotokopi, izo pigment zihindura urumuri mu bimenyetso by’ubwonko kugira ngo ubwonko bugere gusobanura.Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana isano iri hagati y’amaso y’inyamabere n’amaso y’udukoko hamwe nandi moko ya arthropode, byerekana ko amaso yacu bwite afite ibintu bitoroshye kandi ko ubwihindurize bwagize igice cya kera cyane cya anatomiya yacu ya selile yabonetse kugirango ikoreshwe bundi bushya.
Lens iri imbere yijisho ryibanda kumucyo uva kubidukikije hejuru yurwego ruto rwinyuma, rwitwa retina.Ngaho, selile ya Photoreceptor - cones isiga amabara isi yacu ninkoni zidufasha kugendagenda mumucyo muke - gukuramo urumuri no kuyihindura ibimenyetso byubwonko bijya mubwonko.Ariko Photopigments iherereye kumpera yanyuma ya fotorepteptors, ako kanya inyuma yumubyimba wa mitochondrial.Gahunda idasanzwe yiyi bundle ihindura mitochondriya nkinzitizi zisa nkidakenewe.
Mitochondria ni “inzitizi ya nyuma” ku bice by'urumuri, nk'uko byatangajwe na Wei Li, umushakashatsi mukuru mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe amaso kandi akaba n'umwanditsi w'uru rupapuro.Mu myaka myinshi, abahanga mu iyerekwa ntibashoboraga kumva iyi gahunda idasanzwe yizo ngirabuzimafatizo - erega, mitochondriya yingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi zifatira ku ngingo nkuru - nucleus.
Bamwe mu bahanga bavuga ko ibyo biti bishobora kuba byarahindutse bitari kure y’aho ibimenyetso by’urumuri bihindurwamo ibimenyetso by’imitsi, inzira ikoresha ingufu zituma ingufu zipompwa byoroshye kandi bigatangwa vuba.Ariko rero ubushakashatsi bwatangiye kwerekana ko fotorepteptor idakenera mitochondriya yingufu nyinshi - ahubwo, ishobora kubona imbaraga nyinshi mubikorwa byitwa glycolysis, biboneka muri cytoplazme ya selile.
Lee n'itsinda rye bamenye uruhare rw'uduce duto twa mitochondial basesenguye ingirabuzimafatizo za gopher, inyamaswa z’inyamabere ntoya ifite icyerekezo cyiza cyo ku manywa ariko mu byukuri ikaba impumyi nijoro kuko ifotora ya cone nini nini cyane.
Nyuma yo kwigana mudasobwa yerekanaga ko imigozi ya mitochondrial ishobora kugira ibintu byiza, Lee nitsinda rye batangiye ubushakashatsi kubintu bifatika.Lee yavuze ko bakoresheje urugero ruto rwa retina ya squirrel, kandi ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi zavanyweho usibye imishwarara mike, bityo "babonye umufuka wa mitochondriya" wuzuye neza muri membrane.
Mu kumurika iki cyitegererezo no kugisuzuma witonze munsi ya microscope idasanzwe yakozwe na John Ball, umuhanga muri laboratoire ya Lee akaba n'umwanditsi mukuru w’ubushakashatsi, twabonye ibisubizo bitunguranye.Umucyo unyura mumirasire ya mitochondrial ugaragara nkurumuri rwinshi, rwibanze cyane.Abashakashatsi bafashe amafoto na videwo y'urumuri rwinjira mu mwijima binyuze muri izo microlens, aho amafoto ategereje mu nyamaswa nzima.
Li avuga ko imitsi ya mitochondial igira uruhare runini, atari nk'inzitizi, ahubwo ni mu kugeza urumuri rushoboka rushoboka kuri fotoreptept hamwe n’igihombo gito, Li.
Yifashishije ibigereranyo, we na bagenzi be bemeje ko ingaruka za lens ziterwa ahanini na bundle ya mitochondrial ubwayo, kandi itatewe na membrane ikikije (nubwo membrane igira uruhare).Ubwenge bwamateka karemano ya gopher nabwo bwabafashije kwerekana ko imiterere yumutwe wa mitochondrial ari ingenzi cyane mubushobozi bwayo bwo kwibanda: mugihe cyamezi gopher isinzira, imitsi ya mitochondial ihinduka nabi kandi igabanuka.Igihe abashakashatsi bagereranije uko bigenda iyo urumuri runyuze muri mitochondrial bundle yigitanda gisinziriye, basanze idashyira urumuri nkurwo rurambuye kandi rutondekanye cyane.
Janet Sparrow, umwarimu w’ubuvuzi bw’amaso mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi cya kaminuza ya Columbia, avuga ko mu bihe byashize, abandi bahanga bavuze ko imitsi ya mitochondial ishobora gufasha gukusanya urumuri muri retina.Icyakora, igitekerezo cyasaga naho kidasanzwe: “Abantu bamwe nkanjye barabasetse bati: 'Ngwino, ufite mitochondriya nyinshi yo kuyobora urumuri?'- yavuze.Ati: "Mu byukuri ni inyandiko ibigaragaza - kandi ni byiza cyane."
Lee na bagenzi be bemeza ko ibyo babonye muri gopheri bishobora no kuba mu bantu no mu zindi primates, zifite imiterere isa na piramide.Batekereza ko ishobora no gusobanura ikintu cyasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1933 cyitwa Stiles-Crawford, aho urumuri runyura hagati rwumunyeshuri rufatwa nkurumuri kuruta urumuri runyura mu mfuruka.Kubera ko urumuri rwagati rushobora kwibanda cyane kuri bundle ya mitochondrial, abashakashatsi batekereza ko rushobora kwibanda cyane kuri pigment ya cone.Basaba ko gupima ingaruka za Stiles-Crawford bishobora gufasha mugutahura hakiri kare indwara zifata umwijima, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zitera kwangirika kwa mitochondial no guhinduka.Ikipe ya Lee yashakaga gusesengura uburyo mitochondria irwaye yibanda kumucyo ukundi.
Yirong Peng, umwungirije wungirije w’amaso muri UCLA utagize uruhare muri ubwo bushakashatsi, yavuze ko ari “icyitegererezo cyiza cy’ubushakashatsi” kandi ni ikintu gishya cyavumbuwe.Peng yongeyeho ko bizaba bishimishije kureba niba iyi mitwe ya mitochondial ishobora no gukora imbere mu nkoni kugira ngo iteze imbere ijoro.
Lee yavuze ko byibuze muri cones, iyi mitochondriya yashoboraga guhinduka mikorobe kuko ibibondo byabo bigizwe na lipide isanzwe yangiza urumuri, Lee.“Ni ibintu byiza cyane biranga ibintu.”
Lipide nayo isa nkaho isanga iyi mikorere ahandi muri kamere.Mu nyoni n'ibikururuka hasi, inyubako zitwa ibitonyanga byamavuta zateye imbere muri retina ikora nk'iyungurura amabara, ariko kandi ikekwa ko ikora nka microlenses, nka mitochondrial bundles.Mugihe kinini cyubwihindurize hamwe, inyoni zizunguruka hejuru, imibu irazenguruka umuhigo wabo ushimishije wabantu, urasoma ibi hamwe nibintu byiza bya optique byahindutse byigenga - guhuza n'imiterere bikurura abareba.Hano haraza isi isobanutse kandi yaka.
Ubwanditsi bwanditse: Yirong Peng yahawe inkunga na Fellowship ya Klingenstein-Simons, umushinga ushyigikiwe igice na Simons Foundation, nawo utera inkunga iki kinyamakuru cyateguwe ku bwigenge.Icyemezo cyinkunga ya Simmons Foundation ntabwo gihindura raporo zacu.
Ubugororangingo: Ku ya 6 Mata 2022 Umutwe w’ishusho nyamukuru wabanje kwerekana nabi ibara ryimigozi ya mitochondial nkumutuku aho kuba umuhondo.Irangi ry'umuyugubwe rifitanye isano na membrane ikikije bundle.
Ikinyamakuru Quanta kiratanga ibitekerezo kugirango biteze imbere amakuru, asobanutse kandi afite umuco.Ibitekerezo bibabaza, bitukana, kwimenyekanisha, kuyobya, bidahuye, cyangwa bitari ingingo bizangwa.Abayobora barakinguye mumasaha asanzwe yakazi (isaha ya New York) kandi barashobora kwakira ibitekerezo byanditse mucyongereza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2022
